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Remote Sensing techniques for Agriculture suvey
S. Balaselvakumar
Research Scholar, Department of Geography,
Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli- 620 024, India
S. Saravanan
Department of Zoology, Annamalai University,
Chidambaram -608 002, India
Introduction
Agriculture resources are among the most important renewable, dynamic natural resources. Comprehensive, reliable and timely information on agricultural resources is very much necessary for a country like India whose mainstay of the economy is agriculture. Agriculture survey are presently conducted throughtout the nation in order to gather information and associated statistics on crops, rangeland, livestock and other related agricultural resources. These information of data are most importance for the implementation of effective management decisions at local, panchayat and district levels. In fact, agricultural survey is a backbone of planning and allocation of the limited resources to different sectors of the economy.
With increasing population pressure throughout the nation and the concomitant need for increased agricultural production (food and fiber crops as well as livestock) there is a definite need for improved management of the nation agricultural resources. In order to accomplish this, it is first necessary to obtain reliable data on not only the types, but also the quality, quantity and location of these resources. The remote sensing techniques has been and it will continue to, a very important factor in the improvement of the present systems of acquiring and generating agricultural data.
Remote sensing and its Importance in Agricultural survey
Remote sensing is nothing but a means to get the reliable information about an object without being in physical contact with the object. It is on the observation of an object by a device separated from it by some distance utilizing the characteristics response of different objects to emissions in the electromagnetic energy is measured in a number of spectral bands for the purpose of identification of the object.
In such study single tabular form of data or map data is not sufficient enough which can provide can be, combined with information's obtained from existing maps and tabular data.
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Remote Sensing techniques using various plate form has provide its utility in agricultural survey
- Satellite data provides the actual synoptic view of large are at a time, which is not possible from conventional survey methods.
- The process of data acquisition and analysis is very fast through Geographic Information System (GIS) as compared to conventional methods.
Remote Sensing techniques have a unique capability of recording data in visible as well as invisible (i.e. ultraviolet, reflected infrared, thermal infrared and microwave etc.) part of electromagnetic spectrum. Therefore certain phenomenon, which cannot be seen by human eye, can be observed through remote sensing techniques i.e. the trees, which are affected by disease, or insect attack can be detected by remote sensing techniques much before human eyes see them.
Present system of Generating agricultural data and its Problems
The present system of agricultural data is collected throughout the nation. The main responsibility of collection agricultural survey lies on the Director of Land Records, Director of agriculture and District Statistical Office under the Ministry of Agriculture. These data are collected not only on a local but also some extent of district and state level. The associate of agricultural survey on crops (crop production, type of crop and crop yield), range land (condition of range, forest type, water quality, types of irrigation system and soil characteristics) and livestock (livestock population, sex of animal, types of farm and distribution of animals).
The basic problems in this survey are;
- Reliability of data
- Cost and benefits
- Timeless
- Incomplete sample frame and sample size
- Methods of selection
- Measurement of area
- Non sampling errors
- Gap in geographical coverage
- Non availability of statistics at disaggregated level.
Remote Sensing techniques make it use before the remote sensing data may provide solution to these particular problems of agricultural survey.
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