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Abstract
Application of Geographic Information System for Rainwater Management in Small Arid Watershed of Rajasthan, India
Devesh Sharma
AIT,
Thailand
Email: devesh.sharma@ait.ac.th
The Indian arid ecosystem is capable of supporting a large population provided the basic resource input i.e. water is available in adequate. Water demand is increasing in time due to high population growth, urbanization and industrialization. Rainfall is erratic, scanty and insufficient for production of crop resulting in frequent famine conditions in Rajasthan, India. The Pundlu watershed (5.09 km2) is extend from 26° 32' to 26° 35' N and 73° 47' to 73° 50' E. It is a part of upper Jojri basin of Rajasthan, northwest of India. Rainfall and evaporation data of historical twenty years (1981-2000) were collected and analyzed. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) model has been applied for the estimation of runoff from past twenty years daily rainfall data with application of Geographic Information System (GIS) tool. Application of models involves various types of spatial information of watershed viz. slope, soil and land use/cover. Curve number map (CN) has been developed for the study area using hydrologic soil group and land use pattern in the watershed. The weighted curve number was found to be 89. Probability analysis of runoff was carried out using Weibull's method to get water availability at different probability levels. It was found that at 80 per cent probability, total available runoff was 231595 m3. Based on these informations/parameters including stored runoff, cross section of nalla and depth of soil, a water harvesting structure is proposed for the better rainwater management to enhance crop productivity in the area.
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