|
|
|
Overview |
Urban Sprawl |
Fringe Area Development |
Urban Agglomeration |
Emerging Technologies |
Relevant Links
Characteristic of Urban Development and Commuters in Metropolitan Bandung
Kuswara
Researchers of Research Institute for Human Settlement Ministry of
Public Work Republic of Indonesia
kswtea@yahoo.com
Ramalis Subandi Prihandana
Researchers of Research Institute for Human Settlement Ministry of
Public Work Republic of Indonesia
ramalis@yahoo.com
Rian Wulan Desriani
Researchers of Research Institute for Human Settlement Ministry of
Public Work Republic of Indonesia
rianwulan @yahoo.com
Abstract
The significant impact of urbanization in developing countries is the movement of residential area location to sub urban area in order to get cheaper land. This phenomenon brings problems of the increasing mobility and infrastructure demand within sub and urban area. One of the infrastructures that are very important is transportation infrastructure which determines the level of accessibility of the people and commodities from one place to another.
The need for better understanding of the behavioral linkages between daily household activities and travel patterns, on the one hand, and long-term choices of housing and job location and vehicle ownership, on the other, has been apparent. In regard to the condition, the research has been intended to draw the characteristic of commuter who use train on their transportation and its impact to the urban – residential development with the key element of this research is spatial analysis and demographic correlation of the origin and destination of passenger of commuting train in Metropolitan Bandung. The result of the research is related to the correlation between urban development and increasing number of commuter socially, physically /spatially. The recommendations are intended for a better urban-residential spatial planning and the support of infrastructure development through a better coordination among related stakeholder. This paper figures out data, maps, and policy implication regarding the commuting train services, urban development and commuters in Metropolitan Bandung.
BACKGROUND
In the traditional literature of urbanization often mentioned push and pull factors which are fostering urbanization level. The push factor is often related to the limited job opportunities in rural areas, which link the high growth of population and the limited areas of agriculture land and other natural resources, resulting the pressure of poverty problems as well as environmental degradation. The pull factor is related to the condition of urban area which is often related to a wider job opportuntity, higher economic growth, better services and, modern facilities and the other image of better life (Baiquni, 2004). On the pull factor, the acceleration of economic growth especially in urban area leads a multiplier effects on many aspects of development which creates opportunities that difficult to be found in rural area. Because of those factors, activities and population are interested to take place in an urban area. The significant impact of the condition is land in urban area become more expensive and limited. Furthermore competition among activities to occupy land become higher and the activities which can pay more for a certain piece of land will be able to occupy the land.
Those competition of land demand in urban areas, marginalize the housing needs for a wide areas of land, therefore residential become more difficult to take place in urban area. In regard to the condition and limited affordability of citizen to pay for housing, housing developers and citizen carry out the housing development in sub urban area for a cheaper price, in particular for low and middle income people.
The movement of residential area into sub urban related to the provision of infrastructure within sub urban and urban area, especially the transportation infrastructure. Conditions of the infrastructure determine level of accessibility of people to travel from one place to another and the collection & distribution of the commodities. The level of accessibility determines level of movement for both of peoples and goods from one place to another. In order to figure out characterize of accessibility and movement of people it is important to draw linkages between daily activities and travel pattern. The need to understand behavioral linkages between daily household activities and travel patterns, on the one hand, and long-term choices of housing and job location and vehicle ownership, on the other, has been apparent (Waddell, 2001).
In regard to the condition the objective of this paper is specifically intended to figure out characterize of origin and destination of commuter use local train as a way to draw linkages between development of residential area and commuting train and its policy implication on urban development processes. Furthermore the result can be used as an input for formulating guideline for development of sub urban area through integration development of residential area in sub urban and mass transportation especially for low and middle income people.
The structure of the paper is divided into background, research method, characterize of housing and urban development in metropolitan Bandung, characterize of commuter including their origin and destination , the correlation bween urban development and commuters and at the end will be formulated policy implication as conclusion and recomendation. In the next sections of this paper will explain in detail the data, research methods, and empirical findings as well as policy implications.
RESEARCH METHODS
The research took Bandung Metropolitan Area as one of the cases study . The key element of this research is spatial analysis and demographic correlation of the origin and destination of commuting in Metropolitan Bandung. The data obtained in this research were gathered through spread questioner to passenger of commuting train and field observation into urban and sub urban area in Metropolitan Bandung.
|
|
|