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Analysis of urban traffic system in north of Iran using GIS - A case study of Babolsar town
Dr. S. Lotfi
sedlotfi@yahoo.com
Abstract
Urban network is one of the most important land uses which determine the form and efficiency of other land uses. The urban users of many developing countries are preceding the urban transport construction which it leads to high traffic congestion. North of Iran suffers from high seasonal traffic congestion due to tourist function of the area beside the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. This paper attempts to illustrate the congested sites of the town and then propose some traffic solutions by applying Arc-view GIS.
Introduction
In recent decades, Iran has experienced very high growth rate of urban population. And the production of private cars has been triplet during last fifteen years (N.S.C of Iran, 2005). So the most evident feature of such trend is the urban road congestion i.e. the waste of time and energy. This study tries by selecting a type of urban public transport, taxi, to evaluate the efficiency of urban transport system in a small town.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have long been recognized as a valuable tool for the representation and analysis of transportation networks and related activities. GIS have proven to be an integral tool in addressing the needs of transportation managers. Through the well-established vector data structure, GIS has provided an efficient means for organizing basic transportation related data in order to facilitate the input, analysis, and display of transport networks. GIS for Transportation (GIS-T) is a broad expression that encompasses all of the activities that involve the use of Geographic Information Systems for some aspect of Transportation planning, management, or science. GIS-T applications can be used to monitor traffic accidents that have occurred in the past, or they can plan for changes in the transportation network design for the future. In recent, the ArcGIS TM transportation data model has designed for NewYork (ESRI, 2001). The research aims to use it for the present case area.
Transportation and GIS
GIS for Transportation is a broad expression that includes all of the activities that involve the use of Geographic Information Systems for some aspect of Transportation planning, management, or science (Miller and Shaw, 2001; Hutchinson and Daniel, 2000). Government agencies, research institutions, and members of private industry are just some of the entities that routinely build T-GIS applications. These applications can involve any mode of transportation (truck, automobile, train, ship, taxi, airplane, etc.), or may consider other transportation related objects such as pavement, stop signs, or construction equipment. T-GIS applications can be used to monitor traffic accidents that have occurred in the past, or they can plan for changes in the transportation network design for the future. The breadth of the field of T-GIS provides many opportunities for the development of new and innovative applications, and at the same time presents challenges to those who will try to integrate such diverse activities. In short, there is a large and diverse base of users for T-GIS.
They have different objectives toward which they work, and they have different constraints on the transportation activities they can conduct.
In order to describe the structure of a database, it is required to know the concept of data model. A data model is a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics, and the data constraints. Each of these models represents a structure that has been accepted by a group of users, and each must be respected for its utility. The development process of the ArcGIS Transportation Data Model has benefited from each of these models and seeks to provide a structure that can integrate with any of them.
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